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The Golden Age of Dutch painting
Types of Painting
Frans Hals throne with the title later, Gypsy Girl. 1628-1630. Oil on wood, 58 x 52 cm. The throne includes elements of portraiture, genre painting and history painting sometimes.
A characteristic of the period, compared to earlier European painting, was the small amount of religious painting. Dutch Calvinism prohibits religious painting in churches, and even if biblical subjects were acceptable in private homes, relatively few have been produced. The other traditional classes of history and the portrait were present, but the period is most notable for a wide variety of other genres, sub-divided into many specialized categories, such as scenes of peasant life, landscapes, scenery urban landscapes with animals, marine paintings, flower paintings and still lifes of various types. The development of several of these types of painting has been strongly influenced by 17th century Dutch artists.
The widely accepted theory of "hierarchy of genres" in painting, that certain types have been considered more prestigious than others, has led many painters want to produce history paintings. However, it was more difficult to sell, as well Rembrandt found. Many have been forced to produce portraits and genre scenes, which has sold more easily. In descending order of status categories in the hierarchy are:
history painting, including religious subjects
Portrait
genre painting, or scenes of everyday life
landscape (landscape were the footmen "common in the army of art", according to Samuel van Hoogstraten) and the urban landscape
still life
Paulus Potter, the young bull (1647): 3.4 meters wide. An animal portrait particularly monumental challenges the hierarchy of genres.
The Dutch strongly concentrated on the lower "grades, but in no case rejected the concept of hierarchy. Most of the paintings have been relatively low, the only common type of paintings were really large group portraits. Paint directly on the walls were only when a wall space in a public building necessary decoration, framed canvas is equipped normally used. For additional details as possible on a hard surface of many painters continued to use wood panels, some time after the rest of Western Europe had abandoned other copper plates, often recycling etching plates. In turn, the number of survivors Golden Age paintings has been reduced by their being repainted with new works by artists at along 18th and 19th century, the poor are generally less expensive than a new canvas, Stetch and frame. There were very few sculptures during the Dutch period, it is mainly found in the tombs and attached to public buildings, and small sculptures of houses is a significant gap, the space taken by the silver and ceramics. earthenware tiles painted are very cheap and common, though rarely of very high quality, but the money, especially in the style Atrial led Europe. With this exception, all artistic endeavors have focused on painting and printmaking.
The world of art
Dirck Hals, genre of smoking and gentlemen Playing Backgammon in an Interior. Note the paintings on the wall of what appears to be a tavern here too.
Foreigners noted the enormous quantities of art and the great fairs where many tables have been sold, it was roughly estimated that over 1.3 million Dutch images were painted in 20 years from 1640 only. The volume of production means that prices were relatively low, except for the most famous artists, as in most subsequent periods, there was a gradient of high prices for most fashionable artist. Those who do not have a solid reputation contemporary or obsolete, which many now considered among the greatest of the era, such as Vermeer, Frans Hals and Rembrandt in his later years, has had huge problems to win their life, and died poor, and many artists have other jobs, or abandoned art.